![]() The crimes committed also fall under other aspects of international and Japanese law. In 1942, the Japanese government stated that it would abide by the terms of the Convention mutatis mutandis ('changing what has to be changed'). Japan signed the 1929 Geneva Convention on the Prisoners of War and the 1929 Geneva Convention on the Sick and Wounded, but the Japanese government declined to ratify the POW Convention. 5.6 Concerns of the Japanese Imperial FamilyĬhinese civilians being buried alive by Japanese troops.5.4.2 Nippon Kaigi, the main negationist lobby.5.4.1 From a fringe topic to an open debate.5.3.2.3 Allied territories occupied by Japan.5.3.2.1 Compensation from Japanese overseas assets.5.3.2 Compensation under the San Francisco Treaty.5.1 The parole-for-war-criminals movement.3.8 Execution and killing of captured Allied seamen.3.7 Execution and killing of captured Allied airmen.3.4 Human experimentation and biological warfare.3.1 Attacks on parachutists and downed airmen.2.1 Japanese militarism, nationalism, imperialism and racism. ![]() ![]() Some Japanese history textbooks only offer brief references to the various war crimes, and members of the Liberal Democratic Party have denied some of the atrocities, such as government involvement in abducting women to serve as " comfort women", a euphemism for sex slaves. That being said, some members of the Liberal Democratic Party in the Japanese government, such as former prime ministers Junichiro Koizumi and Shinzō Abe have prayed at the Yasukuni Shrine, which has been the subject of controversy, as the shrine honours all Japanese who died during the war, including convicted Class A war criminals. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that the country acknowledges its role in causing "tremendous damage and suffering" during World War II, especially during the IJA's entrance into Nanjing, during which Japanese soldiers killed a large number of non-combatants and engaged in looting and rape. Since the 1950s, senior Japanese government officials have issued numerous apologies for the country's war crimes. ![]() The Imperial Japanese Army Air Service took part in conducting chemical and biological attacks on enemy nationals during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II and the use of such weapons in warfare were generally prohibited by international agreements which were previously signed by Japan, including the Hague Conventions (18), which banned the use of "poison or poisoned weapons" in warfare. Airmen of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service and Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service were not included as war criminals because there was no positive or specific customary international humanitarian law that prohibited the unlawful conduct of aerial warfare either before or during World War II. Japanese veterans have admitted to committing war crimes, and have provided oral testimonies and written evidence, which includes diaries and war journals. Million through massacre, human experimentation, starvation, and forced labor that was either directly perpetrated or condoned by the Japanese military and government. Some historical estimates of the number of deaths which resulted from Japanese war crimes range from 3 to 30 Under Emperor Hirohito, the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) perpetrated numerous war crimes which resulted in the deaths of millions of people. Some war crimes were committed by Japanese military personnel during the late 19th century, but most of them were committed during the first part of the Shōwa era, the name which was given to the reign of Emperor Hirohito. These incidents have been described as an "Asian Holocaust". The Empire of Japan committed war crimes in many Asian-Pacific countries during the period of Japanese imperialism, primarily during the Second Sino-Japanese and Pacific Wars.
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